Purchase-contract, title, closing, deed, survey, and due-diligence terms.

Tax deed notice provision requiring notice to owners and interested parties after sale.

Illinois tax deed notice provision governing additional notice requirements.

Tax deed notice provision addressing service and publication-related requirements.

Tax deed notice provision addressing notices to clerks and parties listed by statute.

The petition process for directing issuance of a tax deed after statutory compliance.

Initial Illinois tax sale notice associated with the sale and redemption process.

A professional designation for real estate auctioneers who meet the issuing organization’s education, experience, and ethics requirements.

Residential property that appears vacant or abandoned under statutory standards.

A bid submitted before or outside the live auction so the bidder can participate without being physically present.

An auction where the property is sold to the highest qualified bidder without a reserve price.

A transfer intended to pass ownership outright, not as a new mortgage or security device.

The amount of space or number of units a market leases or sells during a stated period, compared with available supply.

A summary of recorded documents and proceedings affecting title to a parcel of real property.

Touching or bordering another parcel, road, alley, easement, or boundary line.

An agreement allowing a buyer, consultant, or lender to enter property for inspections before closing.

A post-sale report showing the financial results of an auction or sale.

Gradual natural addition of land, often by water depositing soil along a shoreline or watercourse.

The action or process of something accumulating or coming into existence. In real estate, it often refers to interest, taxes, expenses, claims, or limitation periods that build up or become enforceable over time.

A notary statement confirming that a person signed a document voluntarily.

The cost to acquire an asset, sometimes including related installation, closing, or transaction costs.

Land measured in acres, usually not subdivided into smaller platted lots.

Loan funds disbursed before, at, or after closing, including construction draws and future advances.

A claim to ownership based on possession that is actual, open, hostile, exclusive, and continuous for the required period.

Paid public communication used to market a property, auction, or real estate service.

A written statement sworn under oath or affirmed under penalty of perjury.

An affidavit addressing possible claimants whose interests do not appear in recorded title.

A recorded affidavit used to correct or explain a clerical or factual error in a prior recorded document.

A sworn statement identifying heirs and family relationships for title or estate purposes.

A sworn statement by an owner about liens, possession, judgments, parties in possession, and title matters.

A person authorized to act for another person or entity, usually called the principal.

A contract where a seller agrees to sell and a buyer agrees to buy real estate on stated terms.

A Spanish-origin term for a municipal judge or mayor, sometimes appearing in old land-title materials.

A loan or deed restriction allowing acceleration or consent rights when property is sold or transferred.

Soil deposited gradually by water, potentially changing shoreline property.

The American Land Title Association, whose policy forms and survey standards are common in commercial real estate.

The amount claimed due under the note, mortgage, and related loan documents.

Supplemental or subordinate to the main matter, such as ancillary documents, ancillary rights, or ancillary probate.

The sale of delinquent property taxes, interest, and related charges.

Made before marriage, especially an agreement affecting marital or property rights.

The person who appears from records or possession to own or control the property.

The statutes, ordinances, regulations, case law, and legal rules that govern a transaction, property, or dispute.

An expert opinion of property value, rent value, or damages as of a stated date.

A valuation used to evaluate collateral, sale strategy, loss mitigation, or confirmation issues.

A value estimate prepared by an appraiser, not necessarily the tax value or sale price.

A professional who analyzes a property and comparable sales to estimate value.

An increase in the market value of property, often from market conditions, improvements, or scarcity.

A sale between unrelated parties acting voluntarily and knowledgeably.

A clause stating that the tenant accepts the premises in its current condition, location, and legal status, usually with limited or no warranties.

Property, rights, or economic resources owned by a person or entity, including real estate, claims, cash, leases, and contract rights.

A closing document transferring assigned contracts, leases, permits, or other rights and stating what obligations the buyer assumes.

A distressed-property concept used when a borrower conveys property or related rights to a lender or nominee instead of completing foreclosure.

Steps used to collect rents under an assignment of rents after default.

A mortgage that a buyer may take over from a seller, usually only if the loan documents and lender permit it.

An older common-law action for enforcing promises or obligations, especially contract-like duties.

A contract period allowing attorneys to approve, reject, or modify a signed real estate contract.

An agreement defining the scope of legal representation, fees, expenses, and client duties.

A tenant’s agreement to recognize a new landlord, usually a lender or purchaser after foreclosure or transfer.

A method of selling property through competitive bidding.

The person or company engaged to conduct or manage an auction sale.

A sudden change in land caused by water, such as a flood cutting a new channel.

A contract that becomes effective only if the primary sale contract terminates or fails to close.

A federal court process for dealing with debts, creditor claims, automatic stay issues, asset sales, and discharge or reorganization.

The automatic stay that can pause foreclosure when a bankruptcy case is filed.

A prior title file or title policy used as a starting point for a current title search.

An east-west survey line used with a principal meridian in the government survey system.

The earlier title work used as the foundation for a later examination of title.

A person or entity entitled to benefit from a trust, escrow, guaranty, or deed of trust arrangement.

A prospective buyer’s offered price at an auction or competitive sale.

A document transferring personal property associated with the real estate, such as equipment or movable fixtures.

A preliminary written commitment, sometimes supported by earnest money, to buy property or obtain insurance.

A group of lots or parcels bounded by roads, rights-of-way, water, or other boundary features.

An unlawful practice of inducing sales or rentals by exploiting fears about protected-class changes in a neighborhood.

A buyer who purchases in good faith, for value, and without notice of adverse claims.

A tenant whose lease or occupancy may receive statutory protection after foreclosure.

The lines, natural features, or monuments defining the limits of land or a district.

The legal line separating one parcel from another.

A gap where the record does not show a complete transfer from one owner to the next.

The sales threshold above which percentage rent begins.

Short-term financing used to bridge timing between one transaction and another, often before sale proceeds or permanent financing are available.

An updated title search or certification confirming whether new matters appeared after the prior search.

A licensed person or firm that acts as an intermediary in a real estate sale, lease, loan, or other transaction.

Compensation owed to a broker for procuring a lease, sale, or other transaction.

A broker’s estimate of property value, often used by lenders and servicers.

A capitalization rate applied to the improved portion of income-producing property.

The collection of ownership rights in property, including possession, use, exclusion, enjoyment, and disposition.

A day when ordinary business or banking activity is conducted, usually excluding weekends and legal holidays.

A buyer’s failure to perform a purchase-contract obligation, such as closing, depositing earnest money, or delivering required documents.

A market where supply exceeds demand, giving buyers stronger negotiating leverage.

A professional auctioneer designation awarded by an auction industry organization.

The process of converting expected income into an estimate of value.

A rate used to convert net operating income into property value.

A refinance in which the new loan exceeds the amount needed to pay off existing liens and closing costs, with extra proceeds paid to the borrower.

The certificate issued to a tax buyer after purchase of delinquent taxes.

A certificate issued to a buyer at a judicial or tax sale, often leading to a deed if required steps are completed.

A statement or document identifying ownership or title status, depending on context and issuing authority.

A professional designation for commercial and investment real estate practitioners.

A certified court record suitable for recording in land records.

A court-certified copy of a judgment used for enforcement or recording.

A record certified by its custodian as true or official.

The recorded history of ownership and transfers affecting a parcel of real property.

A missing link or unresolved transfer in the recorded sequence of ownership.

A personal right to bring a claim or recover money that can sometimes be assigned.

Noncriminal law governing private rights and obligations; in some contexts, the term also refers to legal systems based on codes rather than common law.

Title free from liens, defects, or other encumbrances that would impair ownership or transfer.

A clerk’s official certification that a document, judgment, or record is true or correct.

Completion of a real estate or loan transaction through signing, funding, recording, and delivery of required documents.

The person or company coordinating signing, funds, recording, and disbursement at closing.

A list of required documents, funds, approvals, payoffs, and title items needed to close a transaction.

Charges paid in connection with closing a purchase, sale, lease, or loan transaction.

The date on which a sale or loan transaction is scheduled to be completed.

A statement showing the purchase price, loan proceeds, credits, prorations, charges, and disbursements for a closing.

A claim, lien, unreleased mortgage, judgment, error, or other issue that makes title less marketable.

A written instrument that appears to convey title but may be defective.

The usable or saleable part of an acre after excluding streets, sidewalks, or similar public areas.

Foreclosure of nonresidential or income-producing property, often involving receivers, rents, and business collateral.

Compensation paid for brokerage or sale services, often calculated as a percentage of the sale price or lease value.

A deed issued by a court-appointed official or officer under court authority.

A lender’s written loan commitment stating approved loan amount, rate, conditions, and repayment terms.

A sale used to estimate value by comparison to similar property.

Similar properties used as references when estimating value or market rent.

Legally able, qualified, or capable to act, testify, sign, or make decisions.

The date work is completed for contract, lien, warranty, or limitations purposes.

Something given up or granted in negotiation, such as a seller credit, rent credit, free rent, or repair allowance.

A rule that treats a fact as finally established and not open to contrary proof.

A fact, event, or requirement that must occur before a duty arises, a right vests, or a remedy becomes available.

An event that must occur before a duty or right becomes enforceable.

An event that can end or alter an already existing right or duty.

A distressed-property concept used when a borrower conveys property or related rights to a lender or nominee instead of completing foreclosure.

A release of borrower liability conditioned on completing stated deed-in-lieu obligations.

A release of guaranty liability conditioned on the deed-in-lieu agreement and closing documents.

A deed signed by a conservator or similar fiduciary under court authority.

The value exchanged to support a contract.

Notice the law gives to later purchasers or creditors because an instrument is properly recorded.

Touching or adjoining property.

A condition that must be satisfied or waived before a party is obligated to proceed.

Dependent on a future event or condition that may or may not occur.

A supplemental search extending a prior title search to a later date.

A transfer of the buyer’s or seller’s rights under a purchase contract to another party, if permitted by the contract.

A clause extending the time to sue or enforce a claim.

A clause shortening the time to bring claims, enforceable only if permitted by law.

A contract clause attempting to waive limitations defenses, subject to enforceability limits.

The Illinois statute governing many deed, recording, and conveyancing rules.

A lender or servicer advance for foreclosure costs, inspections, preservation, attorney fees, or other recoverable expenses.

An entity authorization approving a real estate sale, mortgage, lease, or other transaction.

A deed recorded to correct a mistake in an earlier deed, such as a legal description or name error.

An appraisal method estimating value by adding land value to replacement or reproduction cost of improvements less depreciation.

A response to an offer that changes its terms and operates as a new offer.

Illinois statute addressing certain sales of property by county officers.

The county office or function responsible for recording deeds, mortgages, liens, plats, and other land records.

A county officer or function connected with surveys, plats, boundaries, and public records where applicable.

Illinois statute concerning county surveyors.

The direction and length of a boundary line in a legal description.

A promise in a contract, deed, lease, or recorded instrument.

A distressed-property concept used when a borrower conveys property or related rights to a lender or nominee instead of completing foreclosure.

A seller’s contractual promise to transfer the property in the condition and title status required by the agreement.

A defense issue involving statutory requirements for enforcing credit agreements or alleged oral modifications.

A lender bid using the debt owed instead of cash payment.

An update of title from a prior commitment or search date to a later effective date.

A rate measuring the debt component of an overall capitalization rate.

A recorded amendment changing a declaration of covenants, condominium declaration, or similar instrument.

A court order or judgment, often used for equitable relief, foreclosure, probate, divorce, or title matters.

A written instrument that conveys an interest in real property.

The deed delivered to the confirmed purchaser after a judicial sale.

The closing where a borrower conveys property to the lender or nominee instead of completing foreclosure.

A voluntary transfer of title from borrower to lender to resolve a defaulted mortgage and avoid foreclosure, subject to the parties’ agreement.

The deed, agreement, releases, affidavits, assignments, and closing documents used to complete a deed in lieu.

A security instrument used in some states in which title is placed with a trustee to secure repayment of a debt.

A deed-of-trust clause addressing waiver or extension of limitations defenses.

A recorded covenant or limitation controlling the use, occupancy, or transfer of property.

A notary or acknowledgment problem that may affect recording, notice, or insurability.

The unpaid debt remaining after crediting foreclosure sale proceeds.

A personal judgment for the unpaid balance remaining after foreclosure sale proceeds are applied.

No longer operating, active, or existing for practical purposes.

The landlord’s act of making the premises available to the tenant, usually vacant and in required condition.

The quantity of a good, service, or property interest that buyers would purchase at various prices during a period.

Characteristics of a population, such as size, age, income, density, and distribution.

Money delivered to show commitment, secure performance, or apply to the purchase price or lease obligations.

A beneficiary’s refusal to accept an interest passing under a transfer on death instrument.

A charge paid at closing, usually one percent of the loan amount per point, commonly used to reduce the interest rate.

A sale made under financial pressure, often at a reduced price or shortened timeline.

Distribution of the asset itself rather than cash proceeds from its sale.

Federal jurisdiction based on citizenship of parties and the amount in controversy.

The number assigned by the recorder to identify a recorded document.

A person’s fixed legal home, usually the place they intend to return to and treat as permanent.

A person or entity receiving a gift or donated property interest.

A person or entity making a gift or donation of property or rights.

The portion of the purchase price paid by the buyer from funds other than the mortgage loan.

A brokerage relationship where one agent or firm represents both sides of a transaction with required disclosure and consent.

Investigation of the physical, legal, financial, and operational condition of property before closing or commitment.

Documents the seller must provide to the buyer for review, such as leases, surveys, title materials, tax bills, reports, and service contracts.

A loan clause allowing the lender to require full repayment if the secured property is sold or transferred.

A defense alleging improper pressure that overcame free will in entering an agreement.

A buyer’s deposit showing good faith and securing obligations under a purchase contract.

An easement implied when property is divided and one part cannot be reached without crossing the other.

A right to use another’s land acquired through open, continuous, adverse use for the required legal period.

An easement benefiting a person or entity rather than a particular parcel.

An easement tied to ownership of a particular parcel and usually transferred with that parcel.

The date a contract or lease becomes legally effective, which may differ from the signing date, commencement date, or possession date.

A court action to recover possession of real property from someone wrongfully occupying it.

A signature made electronically under applicable electronic transaction laws.

Annual crops produced by a tenant’s labor that may be treated as the tenant’s property in certain possession-ending situations.

An improvement, structure, or object extending onto another’s land or into a restricted area.

A lien, easement, restriction, claim, or other matter affecting title or property rights.

The right to redeem mortgaged property before foreclosure cuts off the equity of redemption.

The owner’s value in property after debts and liens are considered.

The borrower’s right to pay the debt and save the property before foreclosure terminates that right.

A legal description that misidentifies, omits, or incorrectly describes the property.

An arrangement where a neutral holder receives documents or funds and releases them when conditions are met.

An account held by a lender, title company, or escrow agent for taxes, insurance, deposits, or closing funds.

Funds advanced by a lender for taxes, insurance, property preservation, or similar escrow items.

A lender’s periodic review of escrow-account deposits and expected tax and insurance payments.

A closing handled through an escrowee or title company that receives documents and funds and releases them when conditions are met.

A sale of property owned by a decedent’s estate.

Sale of real estate by a personal representative, trustee, or court-authorized fiduciary.

A signed statement confirming facts that the signer may later be prevented from contradicting.

A defense claiming the lender’s conduct caused reliance that makes enforcement unfair.

A chart comparing assessment, sale, income, or equity evidence in an assessment appeal.

An attorney reviewing title evidence, recorded documents, and legal issues affecting ownership.

Language excluding a stated parcel, right, or interest from the conveyance.

A portion carved out of a conveyance or legal description.

A listing agreement giving one broker the exclusive right to market the property while allowing the owner to sell without a commission if the owner independently finds the buyer.

The tenant’s right to possess the premises to the exclusion of others, subject to landlord entry rights.

A listing agreement giving a broker the right to a commission if the property sells during the listing period, regardless of who finds the buyer.

Post-judgment procedures used to enforce a judgment, such as levy, sale, garnishment, or turnover.

Not yet fully performed; still requiring future performance by one or more parties.

An attachment to a lease, contract, pleading, or recorded instrument.

Title insurance coverage that removes or modifies standard exceptions after additional title, survey, and affidavit requirements are satisfied.

A title-company affidavit supporting removal of standard exceptions from a title policy.

The price a willing buyer and willing seller would agree to in an open market without compulsion and with reasonable knowledge.

A fraud, identity, or misrepresentation risk concept that can affect title, closing, financing, or enforceability.

A foreclosure filed in federal court, usually based on diversity, federal party status, or other federal jurisdiction.

An appraisal performed for a fee on a specific property or assignment.

A fee-simple estate subject to a condition that can cause title to end or shift if the condition is violated.

Not real or not the true legal name; in business contexts, often a trade name or assumed name.

A buyer’s final pre-closing inspection to confirm condition, vacancy, repairs, or other closing expectations.

A lien securing repayment of debt or another financing obligation, such as a mortgage, deed of trust, or UCC lien.

A buyer who has not owned a principal residence within the period specified by the applicable loan, tax, or assistance program.

A search for UCC filings tied to fixtures or goods attached to real property.

Events beyond a party’s reasonable control that delay performance, such as casualty, labor disruption, supply shortages, government orders, or extreme weather.

The pleading filed to foreclose a mortgage and identify the debt, collateral, parties, and requested relief.

A person or entity named in a foreclosure case because of ownership, debt liability, possession, or a lien claim.

A defense challenging the plaintiff’s right to foreclose, the debt, default, notice, standing, or procedure.

A court judgment determining mortgage default and directing foreclosure relief.

A recorded notice of a mortgage foreclosure case affecting the property.

A title insurance policy issued after completion of a foreclosure sale or deed.

A title commitment prepared for foreclosure, identifying parties, liens, and requirements.

Loss of property or rights because of a breach, violation, or stated condition.

A defense alleging intentional misrepresentation or concealment affecting the loan or foreclosure.

The length of a lot line along a road, street, or other access feature.

Title insurance coverage for matters arising between the effective date of the commitment and recording of the deed or mortgage.

A seller or borrower undertaking covering title matters that arise during the gap between title search and recording.

A computerized mapping system that stores, analyzes, and displays spatial and parcel-related information.

A factual basis for awarding possession during foreclosure under applicable standards.

An older mortgage-disclosure form that estimated loan and closing charges; many consumer loans now use Loan Estimate and Closing Disclosure forms instead.

Title supported by the public record chain and not subject to unacceptable defects.

A status showing an entity is active and compliant with state filing obligations.

Secretary of State or similar evidence that an entity is active and authorized to transact business.

The original conveyance of land from the government to a private owner.

The rectangular land survey system dividing land by townships, ranges, sections, and related survey lines.

The recorder’s index organized by the name of the person or entity receiving an interest.

The recorder’s index organized by the name of the person or entity conveying an interest.

A network of intersecting lines used for mapping, surveying, or coordinate reference.

Sales revenue used to calculate percentage rent, often including in-store, delivery, catering, online, gift card, and licensee sales tied to the premises.

A deed signed by a court-appointed guardian on behalf of a ward, usually with required court authority.

A metric land measure equal to 10,000 square meters, or about 2.471 acres.

A statistical valuation model estimating price effects of individual property characteristics.

A person entitled to inherit from a decedent under intestacy law or sometimes used more loosely for family beneficiaries.

A person entitled to inherit under intestacy law.

The identity and shares of persons entitled to inherit when property passes by intestacy.

A bar graph showing frequency distribution of data values.

Money retained in escrow after closing to secure completion of repairs, documents, tax adjustments, or other obligations.

Funds held after closing to secure completion of repairs, documents, prorations, or other post-closing obligations.

The person or entity entitled to enforce a promissory note.

Remaining in possession after the lease expires or terminates.

A statutory foreclosure notice included with the summons for qualifying residential borrowers.

Language by which a grantor releases homestead rights as part of a conveyance.

To pledge property as security for a debt without necessarily transferring possession.

Abbreviation for the Illinois Mortgage Foreclosure Law.

Begun but not fully formed, perfected, or enforceable.

An appraisal method that estimates value from the present worth of expected income from the property.

The process of converting net income into an indication of value using a capitalization rate.

Legally lacking capacity or qualification to act for a particular purpose.

A promise to protect another party from certain losses, claims, damages, fees, or liabilities.

A three-part risk-shifting phrase requiring payment of losses, defense against claims, and protection from liability.

Notice that may arise when someone other than the record owner appears to possess or occupy the property.

A contract right allowing the buyer to inspect the property and terminate or object within a stated period.

Title that a title insurer is willing to insure, often subject to listed exceptions.

A procedure allowing a stakeholder to require competing claimants to litigate entitlement to property or funds.

To take effect or operate for the benefit of someone, often successors and assigns.

A list or stock of goods, supplies, or property held for sale, use, or accounting.

Each obligated person is responsible for the entire obligation, not just a proportional share.

An owner whose interest is subject to special rules when a transfer on death instrument involves multiple owners.

A judgment establishing the debt, ordering foreclosure, and authorizing sale of the property.

A search for court judgments that may create or evidence liens against real property.

A deed issued under authority of a court order or judicial proceeding.

Foreclosure conducted through a lawsuit and court-supervised sale.

A lienholder whose interest is subordinate to a senior lien.

An equitable defense based on unreasonable delay that prejudices another party.

An installment sale contract where the seller retains legal title until the buyer satisfies stated payment or performance conditions.

A conveyance of land from a government to a private person or entity.

Work the landlord agrees to perform before or after delivery of possession.

Hidden or not readily discoverable by ordinary inspection.

A defect not reasonably discoverable at ordinary inspection.

Angular distance north or south of the equator, used in mapping and location systems.

The date the lease term begins, which may differ from signing, possession, or rent commencement.

A short recorded document giving notice of a lease without recording the full lease.

An arrangement combining a lease with a right or obligation to purchase the property under stated terms.

A formal property description used to identify land in deeds, mortgages, plats, and title documents.

An entity or person designated by the lender to take title or receive documents, often in deed-in-lieu or REO transactions.

A person or entity designated by the lender to take title in a deed-in-lieu transaction.

Recent letters of office often required by transfer agents, title companies, or third parties.

A statutory process for selling or conveying library property.

A claim or charge against property to secure payment of a debt or obligation.

A dispute over the order in which liens are paid from property or sale proceeds.

A search for recorded or filed liens affecting a person or parcel.

A deed creating ownership for a person’s lifetime, with future ownership passing to another.

A stated amount payable for breach when actual damages are difficult to measure and the amount is a reasonable forecast.

A local or state license permitting sale or service of alcoholic liquor subject to licensing conditions.

A recorded notice that litigation is pending concerning title to or an interest in real property.

A recorded notice that litigation is pending and may affect title to the property.

Evidence that an LLC and its signer have authority to complete a real estate transaction.

The loan amount divided by the value or purchase price of the collateral, expressed as a percentage.

Illinois statute authorizing electronic reverse auctions for certain local-government purchases.

Angular distance east or west from a reference meridian, used in mapping and location systems.

Processes intended to avoid foreclosure or reduce loss, including modification, repayment, short sale, or deed in lieu.

The horizontal area within the boundaries of a lot, measured under the applicable zoning or survey rule.

A factory-built dwelling constructed to federal manufactured-housing standards and designed for residential use.

A study of market conditions affecting a property type, location, or proposed use.

A valuation method using market-derived data, often comparable sales, to estimate value.

The price actually agreed to by a particular buyer and seller in a transaction.

Title that is treated as marketable from a statutory root of title, subject to listed exceptions.

Title reasonably free from doubt and unacceptable defects, so a prudent buyer would accept it.

A deed executed by a court-appointed officer after a chancery sale under older or local practice.

A significant negative change in the property, title, income, condition, or legal status that may affect closing rights.

A document summarizing a judgment for recording or lien purposes.

Title that a reasonable buyer should accept because it is free from serious doubt or litigation risk.

A clause stating the written agreement is the entire agreement and supersedes prior discussions or promises.

A north-south reference line used in surveying and mapping.

A title or survey search based on calls, courses, distances, monuments, and adjoining parcels.

A sales threshold used in percentage rent calculations, similar to or serving as a breakpoint.

The lowest disclosed bid a seller or auctioneer will accept at an auction.

The fixed rent payable regardless of sales, often another name for base or fixed rent.

Title-company language describing foreclosure proceedings for title insurance purposes.

An absent conveyance needed to complete the chain of title.

The absence of a recorded release for a lien, mortgage, or other encumbrance expected to be terminated.

A change to an existing contract, loan, lease, or other legal document.

A legal-description call referring to a physical or record monument.

The Illinois statutory scheme governing judicial mortgage foreclosure actions.

A court-appointed person who manages property, collects rents, and preserves collateral during foreclosure.

The lender or holder seeking to foreclose the mortgage.

A lender that takes possession or control of mortgaged property before foreclosure is complete.

The borrower or property owner whose mortgage is being foreclosed.

A motion asking the court to approve a judicial sale.

A broker database used to share information about properties offered for sale or lease.

A release where both sides give up claims against each other.

A search of records under a person’s or entity’s name for judgments, liens, bankruptcies, and related matters.

A person or entity whose interest must be joined for the foreclosure to bind that interest.

A study of forces within a neighborhood that affect property value or marketability.

A clause stating that the lender’s mortgage lien and acquired title do not merge unless intended.

An affidavit stating that no unpaid work or claims exist that could support a mechanics lien.

A fee charged when property offered at auction does not sell.

A seller covenant limiting the seller’s ability to solicit or negotiate other offers while the contract is pending.

A lender’s promise that tenant’s possession will not be disturbed after foreclosure if tenant is not in default.

An affidavit addressing possible claimants not shown in the public record.

Persons claiming an interest not shown in the public land records.

A notice stating that a foreclosure case has been filed against specified real property.

Published notice used when required parties cannot be served personally after proper efforts.

The notice advertising the time, place, terms, and property for a foreclosure sale.

A notice informing tenants about a commercial foreclosure and related receiver or rent directions.

Substitution of a new obligation or party for an old one, with intent to discharge the original obligation.

A recorder or assessor index organized by parcel number or document number.

The ratio of occupied units, rooms, or square feet to the total available amount.

A representation that parties and owners are not sanctioned or blocked under federal compliance rules.

A proposal to enter into a contract on stated terms.

A subordinate lienholder not named in the foreclosure, which may leave that lien unresolved.

A person or entity with an interest who should have been named in a proceeding but was not.

A catch-all clause in a will, trust, deed, lease, or contract that sweeps in additional property or rights.

A scheduled period when a property is available for prospective buyers or tenants to inspect.

The first bid offered in an auction.

A contractual right to buy property on stated terms within a stated period.

A probate court order allowing a fiduciary to sell property.

The order approving a foreclosure sale and authorizing deed delivery and distribution of proceeds.

Apparent or seeming, especially authority that appears to exist based on conduct or circumstances.

Barred or made unenforceable by law, often because a deadline expired or a practice is prohibited.

A recorded matter that does not appear in the normal chain of title for the parcel.

Open, visible, or manifest rather than hidden.

A sale in which the seller provides some or all of the buyer’s financing.

A seller or owner affidavit used by a title company to insure over certain off-record risks.

Oral or extrinsic, especially evidence outside the written contract.

Occupants, tenants, licensees, or others physically using or occupying the property.

A court action to divide jointly owned property or force sale and allocation of proceeds.

A defect visible or reasonably discoverable by inspection.

A title search tracing ownership back to the original government patent.

The person who received title from the government patent.

A defense asserting that amounts claimed due were paid or credited.

A distressed-property concept used when a borrower conveys property or related rights to a lender or nominee instead of completing foreclosure.

Retail rent calculated as a percentage of sales, often after a breakpoint or minimum sales threshold.

A theoretical market condition with many buyers and sellers, homogeneous goods, and full information.

A theoretical market in which no buyer or seller has a competitive advantage and traded items are homogeneous.

A party who may be joined in foreclosure even if not strictly required.

Title exceptions a buyer or lender accepts, such as easements, restrictions, taxes, and recorded matters.

An assignment, sublease, merger, affiliate transfer, or sale transaction allowed without ordinary landlord consent if conditions are met.

A deed signed by an executor or administrator conveying estate real property.

A petition by a tax buyer seeking a deed after redemption period and statutory notice requirements.

A petition requesting distribution of surplus funds from a foreclosure sale.

The Illinois statute regulating when divisions of land require platting or subdivision approval.

An affidavit used to satisfy title-company requirements about compliance with the Plat Act.

Local approval of a subdivision, consolidation, dedication, or other survey plat required before recording or development.

A recorder or survey record containing recorded subdivision plats or related maps.

An index used to locate recorded plats and subdivisions.

A survey drawing showing boundaries, improvements, easements, encroachments, and other site matters.

A plat showing a survey township under the government land survey system.

The full set of items or observations being studied, such as all parcels in an assessment area.

The rule that visible possession may require a buyer to inquire into the possessor’s rights.

The date landlord gives tenant possession, often before rent commencement.

Holding the original note, often relevant to standing and enforcement.

An agreement signed at closing to handle obligations that remain after the deed is delivered.

Possession of property after foreclosure judgment, often before or after sale confirmation.

Possession of property before entry of final foreclosure judgment, usually by receiver or court order.

The land, building, unit, or space described in a lease, deed, contract, or other document.

A rule or inference that treats a fact as true unless, or sometimes until, contrary proof is supplied.

The basic showing needed to prove the mortgage, debt, default, and right to foreclose.

A deed signed before a later conveyance but not recorded before the later interest arises.

The order in which surplus funds are paid to lienholders, owners, or other claimants.

Private restrictions or interests affecting property, such as easements, covenants, and subdivision controls.

A legally recognized relationship between parties, such as contract privity, estate privity, or successive property interests.

A qualifications-based or statutory process for selecting architects, engineers, land surveyors, or other professional-service providers.

A representation that tenant and controlling persons are not sanctioned, blocked, or prohibited from doing business.

A claim based on reasonable reliance on a promise even without a full contract.

The boundary line defining the limits of a parcel.

Costs incurred to secure, maintain, winterize, inspect, or protect mortgaged property.

A draft court order submitted for entry by the judge.

Dividing costs or credits between parties based on time, usually as of closing, commencement, expiration, or termination.

Rules limiting immediate displacement of certain tenants after foreclosure.

The court-authorized auction at which foreclosed property is sold.

A local public district providing health services, inspections, disease control, or other public health functions.

A mortgage given to secure financing used to buy the property being mortgaged.

A credit reducing the amount the buyer pays at closing, often for prorations, repairs, unpaid taxes, or deposits.

The person or entity buying property at a foreclosure or other court-ordered sale.

Buying property while an existing mortgage remains on title, without necessarily assuming personal liability for the debt.

A lawsuit to resolve competing claims or defects affecting title.

A pleading claim asking the court to determine title and remove adverse claims.

A release of whatever interest a person may have, without warranties of title.

In the government survey system, a column of townships measured east or west of a principal meridian.

A purchase contract that has been accepted and signed by the required parties.

Recording a document again, often to correct, supplement, or clarify the original recording.

A person who provides real estate brokerage, sales, leasing, valuation, management, or related professional services.

A motion asking the court to appoint a receiver to manage or preserve property.

Security required of a receiver to protect parties from misconduct or loss.

Court-approved payment for a receiver’s services.

A report filed by a receiver describing income, expenses, operations, and property condition.

An assessment appeal based on a recent arm’s-length sale price.

A transfer or release returning title or security interest after a deed of trust or similar obligation is satisfied.

The sequence of recorded instruments connecting the current owner back through prior owners.

The owner shown by the recorded chain of title.

The person or entity shown in the public records as holding title.

Filing a document with the recorder so it becomes part of public land records.

The official or office that records real-estate instruments in the county land records.

The date a document is accepted and entered into the recorder’s records.

A government charge for recording land records.

Priority among competing interests based on recording, notice, and applicable recording statutes.

The recorder’s notation showing when and where a document was recorded.

The statutory time allowed to redeem property taxes sold at tax sale.

The statutory period during which the property may be redeemed before sale or confirmation, depending on the case.

A broker who refers a prospective client or property opportunity to another broker or auctioneer.

A later foreclosure action brought to cut off an interest omitted from a prior foreclosure.

A court-ordered correction of a written instrument to reflect the parties’ actual agreement.

The time during which a borrower may cure default and reinstate the loan under foreclosure law.

A written waiver or discharge of claims, liens, obligations, or parties.

A deed or instrument releasing a claim or interest in real property.

A recorded document releasing notice of pending litigation affecting title.

Legal or contractual responses to default, such as termination, possession, damages, acceleration, fees, injunction, or self-help.

Collecting information about land or objects without physical contact, often through aerial or satellite technology.

The date rent obligations begin, which may be after possession or commencement.

Rental income generated by mortgaged property while foreclosure is pending.

A legal action to recover possession of personal property.

The filing reporting the results of a judicial sale to the court.

A later adjustment when actual tax bills differ from estimated prorations.

A landlord, lender, or buyer request that tenant certify lease facts.

Cancellation of a contract so that the parties are restored, as much as possible, to their prior positions.

Language by which the grantor keeps a right or interest while conveying other title.

A separately assessed residential property intended for one household and not primarily used as a farm.

A residential property with two or more dwelling units assessed as one property.

Foreclosure of property used as a residence, subject to residential notice and possession rules.

Land or improved property devoted to or available for residential use.

A seller disclosure form required in many Illinois residential transactions.

Commercial use involving sale of goods or services to the public.

A defense or counterclaim alleging racketeering-related misconduct in a foreclosure context.

Landlord’s right to enter premises for inspection, repair, showing, emergencies, or compliance checks.

A right to make or receive the first offer before a property or space is offered to others.

A right to match a third-party offer before property or lease rights are transferred to someone else.

A public or private way providing vehicular access or through travel.

The deed or other recorded instrument used as the starting point for a title examination.

The hearing where the court decides whether to confirm a judicial sale.

A statutory remedy unwinding a tax sale for specified errors or circumstances.

The sheriff, special commissioner, or other officer conducting a judicial sale.

Court relief undoing a judicial sale because of statutory grounds, unfairness, or procedural problems.

The financing and payment terms of a sale, including down payment, interest rate, points, and related charges.

Sale of property to create cash needed to balance beneficiaries’ shares.

A transaction where an owner sells property and leases it back from the buyer.

An appraisal method estimating value by comparing the subject property to similar sales.

Form language used to describe foreclosure proceedings in title-insurance review.

A periodic sale of severely delinquent taxes under Illinois law.

A drafting or clerical error in a legal document.

The dates covered by a title search for a specific owner, parcel, or issue.

The person who examines public records for deeds, mortgages, liens, taxes, and other title matters.

A document creating a lien or security interest, such as a mortgage, deed of trust, or security agreement.

A seller’s failure to perform a purchase-contract obligation, such as delivering title, documents, possession, or required approvals.

A seller’s written disclosure of known property conditions, repairs, defects, or statutory information.

A lienholder whose lien has priority over another lien.

Notice by published legal advertisement when a foreclosure defendant cannot be served by other permitted methods.

A deduction or withholding against amounts owed because of a claimed counter-obligation.

A defense asserting that the borrower is entitled to reduce the plaintiff’s claim by amounts owed back to the borrower.

A contract resolving a dispute on agreed terms.

A sale conducted by the sheriff under court order, commonly in foreclosure or execution proceedings.

A certificate issued by a sheriff or selling officer after a judicial sale.

A deed delivered after a judicial sale to transfer title to the purchaser.

Lender consent to a sale for less than the debt secured by the property.

Properties designed for occupancy by one household, whether detached or attached depending on context.

A claim based on false statements or filings that disparage another’s property title.

An original grant of land from a sovereign government.

A specific exception listed in a title commitment or policy for a particular parcel.

Notice advising potential claimants that surplus foreclosure sale proceeds may exist.

A spouse signing a deed or mortgage to release homestead, marital, or other statutory rights.

A general title-policy exception, often covering matters not shown by public records or not removed by extended coverage.

The plaintiff’s legal right to bring a foreclosure action at the time it is filed.

A rule requiring certain agreements, including many real estate contracts and leases, to be in writing and signed.

A law setting the deadline for filing a claim or enforcing a right.

A redemption right created by statute, with timing and requirements set by law.

Materials purchased for the project but not yet installed.

A deed appearing in records but not clearly connected to the parcel’s chain of title.

A local action abandoning or closing a public street or alley interest.

A foreclosure method that cuts off rights without a sale in some jurisdictions; generally distinct from Illinois mortgage foreclosure practice.

A proceeding used in some contexts to cut off an omitted junior interest after a prior foreclosure.

A shortened abstract beginning from an accepted base point rather than from the original government patent.

A review of subdivision plats, restrictions, easements, and municipal approvals affecting divided land.

The property being appraised, analyzed, financed, sold, leased, or litigated.

Later taxes paid by a tax buyer after the initial tax sale.

Performance close enough to the contract requirements that only minor defects or credits remain.

Replacement of one party, document, trustee, collateral, or obligation with another.

The bidder whose bid is accepted at sale or auction.

Money left from sale proceeds after paying amounts with priority.

A petition asking the court to distribute surplus sale proceeds.

Returning possession of premises at lease end or early termination in required condition.

An affidavit addressing whether improvements, fences, driveways, or uses have changed since a prior survey.

A clause stating certain obligations continue after closing, expiration, or termination.

Statutory tax deed notice informing interested parties of sale, redemption deadline, and deed petition.

The group of buyers, tenants, residents, or users a property or project is intended to attract.

A person or entity purchasing delinquent taxes at tax sale.

A closing credit for accrued but unpaid taxes or tax obligations allocated to one party.

A court proceeding seeking issuance of a deed based on a tax sale.

The clerk’s issuance of a tax deed after court order and statutory requirements.

A court order directing issuance of a tax deed.

Recording the tax deed to put the transfer into land records.

A title search focused on tax sale, redemption, notice, and tax deed proceedings.

A status that may occur when delinquent taxes are offered but not sold at tax sale.

Allocation of real estate taxes between buyer and seller, or landlord and tenant, for a period of ownership or occupancy.

An allocation of real estate taxes between seller and buyer as of the closing date.

A search of property tax records for unpaid taxes, assessments, exemptions, redemptions, or forfeitures.

The escrowed or recurring costs for property taxes and insurance that often accompany mortgage payments.

Possession after a lease ends without the landlord’s consent to a new tenancy.

Tenant’s certification of facts about the lease for a buyer, lender, or landlord.

Notice to tenants about a foreclosure case, receiver, sale, or post-sale possession issue.

An offer to perform, pay, or deliver what is due under a contract or law.

An inspection for termites or other wood-destroying insects and related damage.

The stated rules, obligations, limits, and procedures governing a transaction or auction.

The legal basis or evidence of ownership of property.

A title insurer’s promise to issue a policy if listed requirements are met and exceptions are accepted.

A person who reviews title evidence and decides what affects ownership or insurability.

A matter excluded from title insurance coverage, such as easements, covenants, taxes, survey matters, or recorded restrictions.

Insurance protecting an owner or lender against covered losses from title defects, liens, or other matters not excluded from the policy.

A written objection to a title exception, defect, lien, or survey matter before closing.

A buyer’s written notice identifying title or survey matters the buyer requires the seller to cure or remove.

A condition the title company requires before issuing the requested policy or endorsement.

Review of public records affecting ownership and encumbrances.

A person who searches public records to identify interests affecting title to real property.

The process by which title passes to the judicial-sale purchaser after confirmation and deed.

Abbreviation for transfer on death instrument.

A person designated to receive real estate under a transfer on death instrument.

A recorded act or later instrument revoking a transfer on death instrument.

To suspend or pause the running of a deadline or limitations period.

To pause or extend the running of a statute of limitations under a recognized rule.

A map showing land surface features and elevations.

The contour, slope, and surface features of land.

A survey unit in the rectangular survey system, typically about six miles square.

A title index organized by parcel or legal description rather than by party name.

An Illinois instrument that transfers real estate at the owner’s death without probate if statutory requirements are met.

A tax imposed on transferring real estate, usually by state, county, or municipality.

A certificate summarizing trustee authority without disclosing the full trust agreement.

A deed signed by a trustee conveying property held in trust.

A measure comparing sales over a period to average inventory or other base amount.

Court-ordered payment of surplus foreclosure proceeds to the proper claimant.

A search for filed financing statements that may cover personal property, fixtures, or related collateral.

An affidavit supporting service by publication or treatment of unidentified owners in a foreclosure case.

Persons whose possible interests in property cannot be identified from available records.

Title subject to defects or reasonable doubt that may justify refusal to close.

A property right or claim that exists but has not been recorded in the public land records.

A mortgage that appears of record but has not been released or satisfied.

The actual use and possession of premises by tenant or occupant.

Vacant space divided by total rentable or available space, expressed as a percentage.

Delivery of premises free of occupants and interfering personal property.

Setting aside or undoing a foreclosure judgment by court order.

Legally effective, enforceable, or sufficient for the purpose at issue.

The process of estimating the value of property or another asset as of a stated date.

The worth of property or an interest in property, measured under a stated definition such as market value or investment value.

A distressed-property concept used when a borrower conveys property or related rights to a lender or nominee instead of completing foreclosure.

Valid unless and until a person with the right to avoid it takes action to set it aside.

A lien created by the owner’s agreement, such as a mortgage or deed of trust.

Giving up a right, claim, defense, or requirement, expressly or by conduct.

A defense claiming the lender gave up a right through words, conduct, or acceptance of inconsistent performance.

A clause barring recovery of indirect or special damages, such as lost profits or business interruption, except for stated carveouts.

An agreement or provision attempting to give up redemption rights, enforceable only as allowed by law.

A final inspection shortly before closing to confirm condition, repairs, and possession issues.

Promises about facts, condition, title, performance, or quality that may create remedies if untrue.

A deed containing warranties or covenants of title from the grantor.

Damage, neglect, or removal of value from property while foreclosure is pending.

A public body formed to provide wholesale or regional water supply and related infrastructure.

A right to use or receive water, controlled by state law, deed rights, permits, or local rules.

A recorded deed outside the apparent chain of title, often because a connecting deed is missing.

Failure to sell at auction because bidding does not reach the reserve or acceptable level.

An attorney’s ending representation in a pending case, usually by motion or court order.

Seller or secondary financing that wraps around an existing mortgage, with the buyer paying the wrap lender while the original loan remains.