Real Estate Development & Property

Eviction, Possession, and Landlord-Tenant Glossary

Eviction, possession, notice, service, rent, and settlement terms.

Definitions for notices, service of summons, possession actions, orders of possession, agreed orders, rent claims, use and occupancy, pay-and-stay, sealing, and residential landlord-tenant issues.

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A notice commonly used to terminate tenancy for lease violations other than nonpayment of rent.

Tax deed notice provision requiring notice to owners and interested parties after sale.

Illinois tax deed notice provision governing additional notice requirements.

Tax deed notice provision addressing service and publication-related requirements.

Tax deed notice provision addressing notices to clerks and parties listed by statute.

Initial Illinois tax sale notice associated with the sale and redemption process.

A notice often used to terminate a month-to-month tenancy or other tenancy requiring thirty days’ notice.

A notice commonly used to demand payment of rent and warn that an eviction may follow if the default is not cured.

A charge imposed to fund emergency telephone and dispatch systems.

Property left behind after move-out, surrender, abandonment, or eviction.

Service by leaving process at a person’s usual place of abode with a qualifying resident and mailing as required.

A lease in which the tenant pays nearly all property expenses, often including structural repairs, in addition to rent.

Notice that the lender has declared the full debt immediately due after default.

Direct knowledge of a fact, document, claim, or dispute.

A claim to ownership based on possession that is actual, open, hostile, exclusive, and continuous for the required period.

Paid public communication used to market a property, auction, or real estate service.

An affidavit supporting publication service when a defendant cannot be located after required efforts.

A sworn statement describing service of a document.

A sworn statement by an owner about liens, possession, judgments, parties in possession, and title matters.

A defense that defeats or reduces liability even if the complaint’s basic facts are true.

An eviction order entered by agreement, often with payment deadlines or move-out dates.

A court order entered by agreement of the parties.

A later summons issued when an earlier summons was not served or expired.

A statement of fact claimed by a party in a pleading, complaint, notice, or demand, not yet proven unless admitted or established.

Changes to the premises made by or for the tenant, such as walls, plumbing, electrical work, signage, or buildout.

A revised complaint that changes or replaces earlier allegations or claims.

A pleading admitting, denying, or responding to allegations and asserting defenses.

The person who appears from records or possession to own or control the property.

Security required to stay or pursue appeal of an eviction judgment in some circumstances.

A clause stating that the tenant accepts the premises in its current condition, location, and legal status, usually with limited or no warranties.

A filing challenging assessed valuation or classification.

A lender or landlord charge for approving or documenting a buyer’s or transferee’s assumption of obligations.

A tenant’s agreement to recognize a new landlord, usually a lender or purchaser after foreclosure or transfer.

A tenant’s contractual right to review landlord books supporting CAM, taxes, insurance, or operating expenses.

Cash flow after operating expenses and debt service but before income taxes.

An unlawful practice of inducing sales or rentals by exploiting fears about protected-class changes in a neighborhood.

A county-level body that hears property assessment complaints.

A buyer who purchases in good faith, for value, and without notice of adverse claims.

A tenant whose lease or occupancy may receive statutory protection after foreclosure.

A broker’s estimate of property value, often used by lenders and servicers.

Illinois statute addressing posting notice of building-code violations.

The collection of ownership rights in property, including possession, use, exclusion, enjoyment, and disposition.

A statutory district used to fund or coordinate improvements, services, or activities benefiting businesses in an area.

A warning or notice; literally, let the person beware.

Delivery of a notice by certified mail where allowed or required.

A public safety program pairing law enforcement with mental health or social service responders.

A retail lease clause giving tenant rights if key tenants leave or occupancy drops below a threshold.

Compensation paid for brokerage or sale services, often calculated as a percentage of the sale price or lease value.

Shared portions of a property, such as parking lots, sidewalks, lobbies, corridors, loading areas, landscaped areas, and service areas.

Shared parts of a property used by more than one owner, tenant, customer, resident, or occupant.

A framework for non-police or specialized emergency response to behavioral health or community-support calls.

Illinois statute addressing specialized emergency response and community support.

The pleading that starts an eviction case and asks for possession, rent, or other relief allowed by law.

Notice imputed by law, often because a document was properly recorded or a fact was discoverable by reasonable inquiry.

Notice the law gives to later purchasers or creditors because an instrument is properly recorded.

Service that gives notice by publication or similar method rather than personal delivery.

A postponement of an eviction court date.

Insurance a tenant must require from contractors performing work in the premises.

A lender or servicer advance for foreclosure costs, inspections, preservation, attorney fees, or other recoverable expenses.

The county law-enforcement officer responsible for court security, service of process, jail operations, and other statutory duties.

The ability to borrow money or obtain goods or services with payment deferred.

The time allowed to fix a default after notice before remedies may be exercised.

A ratio comparing net operating income to required debt service.

Failure to appear or defend in an eviction case, allowing judgment if requirements are met.

A judgment entered when the defendant fails to appear or respond.

A notice identifying a default and any period or method for curing it.

A notary or acknowledgment problem that may affect recording, notice, or insurability.

A program directing individuals toward substance-use disorder treatment or services instead of arrest or prosecution where appropriate.

The landlord’s act of making the premises available to the tenant, usually vacant and in required condition.

The quantity of a good, service, or property interest that buyers would purchase at various prices during a period.

A notice or pleading demand that the occupant surrender the property.

The space leased to the tenant, often called the premises or leased premises.

A notice setting a deposition’s time, place, method, and scope.

A volunteer providing service during a disaster or emergency under local-government authority.

An easement tied to ownership of a particular parcel and usually transferred with that parcel.

The date a contract or lease becomes legally effective, which may differ from the signing date, commencement date, or possession date.

A court action to recover possession of real property from someone wrongfully occupying it.

Notice given electronically by a local government when authorized by statute or consent.

Annual crops produced by a tenant’s labor that may be treated as the tenant’s property in certain possession-ending situations.

A district organized to provide emergency response, rescue, or related public safety services.

Illinois statute governing emergency services districts.

A 9-1-1 or emergency communications system operated or funded by local public bodies.

Illinois statute governing emergency telephone and 9-1-1 systems.

A legal process to recover possession of property from a tenant or occupant.

A court case seeking possession of real property from an occupant.

The pleading starting an eviction case and stating the basis for possession and any rent claim.

The date set or used for the sheriff to enforce an eviction order.

A court judgment awarding possession, rent, costs, or other relief in an eviction case.

The date set for hearing or trial on the possession claim.

Rent or other value received by a tenant from a subtenant or assignee above what tenant owes landlord.

The tenant’s right to possess the premises to the exclusion of others, subject to landlord entry rights.

A lease right preventing the landlord from leasing nearby space to a competing use.

A tenant’s right to extend the lease term if stated conditions are satisfied.

A tenant’s failure to open for business by the required opening date.

Federal law prohibiting certain discrimination in housing transactions and related services.

Tenant or guarantor financial information requested to evaluate credit or ongoing solvency.

Rules governing promotion procedures within covered fire departments.

A special district providing fire suppression, rescue, emergency medical, prevention, and related services.

Training and standards for firefighters and fire protection personnel.

Procedures governing discipline of firefighters under applicable law.

A notice demanding payment of rent or surrender within five days, when applicable.

Insurance obtained by landlord when tenant fails to maintain required coverage, with cost charged back to tenant.

The traditional name for a statutory action to recover possession of real property.

The pleading filed to foreclose a mortgage and identify the debt, collateral, parties, and requested relief.

A person or entity named in a foreclosure case because of ownership, debt liability, possession, or a lien claim.

A defense challenging the plaintiff’s right to foreclose, the debt, default, notice, standing, or procedure.

A recorded notice of a mortgage foreclosure case affecting the property.

A lease tax definition exclusion for taxes based on landlord’s franchise, income, estate, inheritance, or similar status.

A lease in which rent includes most or all building operating costs, rather than separately passing them through to the tenant.

A factual basis for awarding possession during foreclosure under applicable standards.

Evaluation of how local public services are delivered, whether functions can be improved, shared, consolidated, or eliminated.

A lease of land, usually for a long term, under which the tenant may own or construct improvements.

The contract by which a guarantor backs a tenant’s obligations.

A defense based on alleged conditions that materially affect residential habitability.

Remaining in possession after the lease expires or terminates.

A tenant who remains after the tenancy has ended.

A statutory notice attached to a residential foreclosure summons explaining rights and resources.

A statutory foreclosure notice included with the summons for qualifying residential borrowers.

To pledge property as security for a debt without necessarily transferring possession.

Illinois statute governing fire protection training.

Illinois statute governing police training and standards.

Money or credit provided by landlord toward tenant improvements or buildout.

Notice that may arise when someone other than the record owner appears to possess or occupy the property.

A tenant obligation to reimburse its share of landlord’s property insurance premiums.

An agreement between public bodies to share services, powers, costs, property, or functions.

A disruption of utilities, HVAC, access, elevators, or other services.

A court’s acceptance of a fact not reasonably disputed without formal proof.

A request for a jury trial in an eviction case where available.

A claimed lien or security interest in tenant property to secure rent or lease obligations.

Work the landlord agrees to perform before or after delivery of possession.

Insurance carried by landlord for the building or property, often reimbursed by tenants under NNN leases.

The landlord’s accounting of amounts charged and paid under a tenancy.

An officer-worn recording device used under rules governing law-enforcement recordings.

Cooperation between law-enforcement agencies for assistance, personnel, or resources.

Illinois statute governing officer-worn body cameras.

The date the lease term begins, which may differ from signing, possession, or rent commencement.

A guaranty securing tenant’s lease obligations.

A short recorded document giving notice of a lease without recording the full lease.

A decision not to extend or renew a lease at the end of its term.

A notice ending a lease or tenancy according to law or the contract.

The tenant’s right to possess and use premises under a lease.

Improvements made to leased space for tenant’s use, such as buildout, partitions, plumbing, finishes, and fixtures.

A bank-issued payment obligation that can secure tenant duties in place of or in addition to a cash security deposit.

A local governmental unit that provides public library services within a district.

A person permitted to occupy or use property under a license rather than a lease.

A person or entity asserting a lien for labor, materials, services, or improvements.

A local or state license permitting sale or service of alcoholic liquor subject to licensing conditions.

A recorded notice that litigation is pending concerning title to or an interest in real property.

A recorded notice that litigation is pending and may affect title to the property.

A local rule requiring loading spaces or areas for deliveries, trucks, or service vehicles.

Rules or practices for billing local-government services, fees, charges, or utility amounts.

Illinois statute addressing disaster-service volunteers for local government.

Illinois statute addressing electronic notices by local governments.

Illinois statute governing selection of certain professional services by local governments.

A statutory framework addressing taxpayer rights in local tax administration, notices, procedures, and disputes.

A local district providing public transportation services.

Excluding an occupant from premises without using lawful court process.

A party’s duty to maintain, repair, service, or replace certain property components.

A significant breach of lease duties that may support termination or remedies.

An affidavit stating whether a defendant is in military service for default or other purposes.

Required operating hours for a retail tenant.

A judgment for rent, costs, fees, or damages in an eviction case.

A freestanding sign serving a building, center, or tenant.

A doctrine that may arise after possession has changed or the dispute no longer presents live relief.

A lender that takes possession or control of mortgaged property before foreclosure is complete.

A motion challenging whether the court obtained jurisdiction through proper service.

A request to set aside an eviction judgment.

The date an occupant agrees or is ordered to vacate.

A broker database used to share information about properties offered for sale or lease.

A resident of a municipality, sometimes relevant to voting, juror service, local office, or statutory standing.

A convenience-oriented shopping center, often anchored by a supermarket or daily-needs tenant.

A lease in which the tenant pays base rent plus some or all property expenses.

Office leasing area generally including tenant space and allocated common areas, excluding major vertical penetrations.

The area actually usable by a tenant, before adding a share of common areas or load factor.

A notice commonly associated with subcontractor mechanics lien rights in Illinois.

A double-net lease in which the tenant typically pays base rent plus taxes and insurance, with exact obligations controlled by the lease.

A clause requiring tenant to pay rent without withholding or deduction, even if tenant claims landlord breached.

A lender’s promise that tenant’s possession will not be disturbed after foreclosure if tenant is not in default.

Failure to pay rent when due.

The address and method designated for formal notices under a lease or contract.

The filing that starts an appeal from an appealable order or judgment.

A formal notice stating that a party is in default and identifying consequences or cure rights.

A notice stating that a foreclosure case has been filed against specified real property.

Published notice used when required parties cannot be served personally after proper efforts.

A notice warning that the lender may accelerate the loan if default is not cured.

The notice advertising the time, place, terms, and property for a foreclosure sale.

Notice required or used to preserve or enforce mechanics lien rights.

A written notice identifying an alleged violation of an ordinance, code, permit, or statutory requirement.

A notice identifying a default and giving the defaulting party time to fix it.

Authorization to begin work under a construction contract.

A request or notice requiring a party or witness to bring documents or things.

A notice requiring an occupant to leave the premises by a stated date.

A notice informing tenants about a commercial foreclosure and related receiver or rent directions.

The tenant’s total cost to occupy space, including base rent, pass-throughs, utilities, insurance, taxes, maintenance, and other charges.

A person physically using or living in premises, whether or not named on a lease.

A scheduled period when a property is available for prospective buyers or tenants to inspect.

A tenant promise to open for business by a required date and remain open after opening.

A tenant promise to continuously operate its business at the premises.

Costs incurred to operate, manage, maintain, insure, and service property, as defined by the governing document.

The court order authorizing the landlord to recover possession, usually enforced by the sheriff.

A court order authorizing possession to be returned to the landlord, often enforced by the sheriff.

The last date by which a retail tenant must open for business.

A cost not directly traceable to a particular unit, project component, or service.

A statutory concept limiting or waiving certain charges for police protection at parades under specified circumstances.

A special district providing parks, recreation, facilities, programs, open space, and related public services.

A tenant’s right to use specified or unreserved parking spaces.

Occupants, tenants, licensees, or others physically using or occupying the property.

A landlord cost shifted to tenant as additional rent or separate charge.

A rule or agreement allowing a tenant to avoid eviction by paying required amounts before enforcement.

A law-enforcement officer with powers defined by statute.

Allowed periods when a tenant may close despite an operating covenant.

An assignment, sublease, merger, affiliate transfer, or sale transaction allowed without ordinary landlord consent if conditions are met.

The use the tenant may make of the premises.

Delivery of process directly to the person being served.

A petition by a tax buyer seeking a deed after redemption period and statutory notice requirements.

Another summons issued after prior unsuccessful summonses.

Illinois statute addressing police-community relations and related standards.

A body responsible for training and certification standards for law-enforcement officers.

The rule that visible possession may require a buyer to inquire into the possessor’s rights.

A bond sometimes used in possession disputes as security for potential losses or appeal.

A claim asking the court to award possession of premises.

The date landlord gives tenant possession, often before rent commencement.

Holding the original note, often relevant to standing and enforcement.

A judgment awarding possession without a money judgment.

A notice physically posted at property to advise owners, occupants, or the public of a violation, hearing, unsafe condition, or official action.

Placing a notice on the premises when permitted by statute or court rule.

A motion filed after eviction judgment seeking reconsideration, stay, vacation, or other relief.

Possession of property after foreclosure judgment, often before or after sale confirmation.

Possession of property before entry of final foreclosure judgment, usually by receiver or court order.

A charge on prepaid wireless transactions used to fund 9-1-1 services.

A court or corrections officer supervising persons on probation and performing related duties.

A qualifications-based or statutory process for selecting architects, engineers, land surveyors, or other professional-service providers.

A representation that tenant and controlling persons are not sanctioned, blocked, or prohibited from doing business.

A use the tenant may not conduct, often due to exclusives, zoning, insurance, nuisance, or landlord policy.

The tenant’s percentage share of expenses, taxes, insurance, or other pass-throughs, often based on rentable square footage.

Rules limiting immediate displacement of certain tenants after foreclosure.

A local public district providing health services, inspections, disease control, or other public health functions.

A library district organized under Illinois law to operate and fund public library service.

A network or system used by public safety agencies for communication, coordination, or information sharing.

A special district organized to provide public water service.

Review procedures used by lenders or servicers to check loan files, underwriting, servicing, or compliance.

A claim for the reasonable value of services when payment is owed without an enforceable price term.

A landlord covenant that tenant may possess and use the premises without wrongful interference by landlord or those claiming through landlord.

A clause limiting tenant from opening a competing location within a defined area.

A person who provides real estate brokerage, sales, leasing, valuation, management, or related professional services.

Taxes and assessments imposed on land and improvements, often passed through to tenants in commercial leases.

A landlord right to take back space when tenant requests consent to assign or sublet.

Court-approved payment for a receiver’s services.

Priority among competing interests based on recording, notice, and applicable recording statutes.

A multi-jurisdictional body formed to coordinate planning, services, or regional concerns.

A regional public body coordinating or funding transportation services across multiple jurisdictions.

Service of process on the registered agent of an entity.

A recorded document releasing notice of pending litigation affecting title.

A clause allowing landlord to move tenant to a different space under stated conditions.

Legal or contractual responses to default, such as termination, possession, damages, acceleration, fees, injunction, or self-help.

A defense or claim seeking reduction of rent based on conditions or legal violations.

A landlord’s request for a money judgment for unpaid rent or other amounts owed.

A claim for unpaid rent included with or related to an eviction case.

The date rent obligations begin, which may be after possession or commencement.

A record showing rent charges, payments, credits, late fees, and balances.

A schedule of tenants, lease terms, rent, deposits, expirations, and related leasing information for a property.

A new tenant taking space after an existing tenant leaves or is terminated.

A legal action to recover possession of personal property.

A landlord, lender, or buyer request that tenant certify lease facts.

A deadline by which tenant must open to the public.

Foreclosure of property used as a residence, subject to residential notice and possession rules.

A tenant duty to restore premises after alterations, casualty, surrender, or damage caused by tenant.

Commercial use involving sale of goods or services to the public.

A defense claiming the eviction was brought because the tenant exercised protected rights.

The date on which the parties first appear or respond in an eviction case.

The officer’s or process server’s statement showing how and when service was made.

Landlord’s right to enter premises for inspection, repair, showing, emergencies, or compliance checks.

The Chicago Residential Landlord and Tenant Ordinance.

A USDA agency or loan program source associated with financing for eligible rural housing.

The sheriff, special commissioner, or other officer conducting a judicial sale.

A court order limiting public access to some or all eviction case records.

Money or other security held by landlord to secure tenant obligations.

A claim about improper withholding, accounting, or handling of a tenant’s security deposit.

A clause stating landlord does not provide security or guarantee safety despite locks, cameras, or patrols.

Removal or exclusion of an occupant without a court order, where prohibited by law.

Notice by published legal advertisement when a foreclosure defendant cannot be served by other permitted methods.

Service performed by a court-appointed or otherwise authorized private process server.

Delivery of a termination or demand notice using a method permitted by law.

Formal delivery of legal papers giving notice of a lawsuit or proceeding.

Delivery of the summons and complaint in the manner required to give the court jurisdiction over a defendant.

Service on a corporate registered agent, officer, or other person authorized by law.

A federal law providing certain protections to servicemembers in civil matters, including some foreclosure, eviction, and interest-rate issues.

A written agreement resolving or pausing an eviction case on stated terms.

A sale conducted by the sheriff under court order, commonly in foreclosure or execution proceedings.

A certificate issued by a sheriff or selling officer after a judicial sale.

A deed delivered after a judicial sale to transfer title to the purchaser.

Physical enforcement of an order for possession by the sheriff.

Rules controlling tenant signage size, location, design, materials, permits, lighting, and maintenance.

Tenant’s right to install and maintain signs on storefront, monument, pylon, directory, window, or building exterior.

Subordination, nondisturbance, and attornment agreement among lender, landlord, and tenant.

A district organized to handle solid-waste disposal, processing, energy recovery, or related services.

Notice advising potential claimants that surplus foreclosure sale proceeds may exist.

A court-appointed person authorized to serve process in a case.

A defined area where an additional tax or levy funds special services or improvements for that area.

A tax or charge imposed in a special service area for local improvements or services.

A person occupying property without the owner’s permission or legal right.

A court-ordered delay in enforcement of an eviction order.

A notice directing suspension of construction work.

A lease from an existing tenant to a subtenant for all or part of the tenant’s leasehold interest.

A tenant’s agreement that its lease is junior to a mortgage, ground lease, or other superior interest.

Service by leaving the notice with a qualifying person when direct service is not made.

A court-issued notice requiring a defendant or respondent to appear or respond in a case.

The court document requiring the defendant to appear in an eviction case.

Returning possession of premises at lease end or early termination in required condition.

Tenant’s giving up possession and landlord’s acceptance of the premises.

Statutory tax deed notice informing interested parties of sale, redemption deadline, and deed petition.

The group of buyers, tenants, residents, or users a property or project is intended to attract.

A title search focused on tax sale, redemption, notice, and tax deed proceedings.

Allocation of real estate taxes between buyer and seller, or landlord and tenant, for a period of ownership or occupancy.

A notice terminating tenancy for certain lease violations after the stated period.

Possession after a lease ends without the landlord’s consent to a new tenancy.

A tenancy that may be terminated by either landlord or tenant, usually without a fixed term.

A defense raised by a tenant against possession, rent, damages, or enforcement.

Tenant’s certification of facts about the lease for a buyer, lender, or landlord.

Improvements made to leased space for a tenant’s use.

A disagreement over the amount due based on payments, credits, charges, or accounting.

Notice to tenants about a foreclosure case, receiver, sale, or post-sale possession issue.

Construction, alterations, or improvements performed by tenant or tenant’s contractors.

The tenant’s share of taxes, expenses, or insurance based on the lease formula.

An offer to pay rent owed.

Ending a tenancy based on a stated default or violation.

Ending a tenancy without alleging default, when permitted by the tenancy and law.

A pleading by a defendant bringing a new party into the case for related liability.

A notice terminating certain month-to-month or periodic tenancies after the required period.

The township officer responsible for records, minutes, notices, and other statutory duties.

Tenant-owned equipment or fixtures installed for business operations that tenant may remove if done properly.

The business name under which tenant must operate in the premises.

A public authority providing or coordinating mass transit services.

A lease in which the tenant pays rent plus taxes, insurance, maintenance, and other property expenses as defined by the lease.

The remaining unpaid portion of landlord concessions or costs spread over the term.

A person occupying premises without the lease or landlord’s consent.

A pet kept in violation of lease, rule, or building policy.

Standardized reporting of crime data by law-enforcement agencies.

Illinois statute addressing discipline procedures for peace officers.

Occupants whose identities are not known when a possession case is filed.

An affidavit supporting service by publication or treatment of unidentified owners in a foreclosure case.

A condition where premises cannot reasonably be used for the intended lease purpose.

The area actually usable by a tenant, excluding some common areas included in rentable square feet.

The actual use and possession of premises by tenant or occupant.

A local approval confirming permitted use and occupancy of property or space.

Payment ordered or agreed while possession is disputed, usually without waiving claims.

The clause defining what tenant may and may not do in the premises.

Charges for electricity, gas, water, sewer, trash, data, or other services.

Loss or disruption of power, water, gas, sewer, HVAC, internet, or similar service.

Delivery of premises free of occupants and interfering personal property.

A complaint sworn to or certified by the plaintiff.

A plaintiff’s dismissal of a claim or case by notice or court order.

Job or legal protections for certain volunteers responding to emergencies.

A final inspection shortly before closing to confirm condition, repairs, and possession issues.

Emergency rescue services involving water incidents, flooding, lakes, rivers, or similar hazards.

A district formed to provide water service infrastructure and operations.

A surcharge on wireless service used to support emergency communications.

An exhibit describing landlord work, tenant work, allowance, plans, deadlines, approvals, and construction responsibilities.